In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider proposed a sort of proto internet during the Cold War, to keep communications open in the event of an attack. This became what was known as the ARPA Network, or ARPAnet. As technological breakthroughs happened, ARPAnet grew. Data transmission was achieved in 1965 with packet switching, transitioned to TCP in 1983, then launched the National Science Foundation Network in 1985, where it started spreading to universities and businesses. The NSFNET eventually took over completely as ARPAnet was phased out in 1990. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee created the hypertext transfer protocol, or http, which became the standard for accessing internet websites. In 1993, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications created the Mosaic Web Browser, the first “modern” browser that we’d be familiar with today.

References

Fitzpatrick, T. (2017, February 9). A brief history of the internet. Retrieved from Science Node: https://sciencenode.org/feature/a-brief-history-of-the-internet-.php